The influence of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival and growth of individually marked juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Big Beef Creek, Washington

نویسنده

  • Thomas P. Quinn
چکیده

Wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were individually marked in October 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effects of habitat complexity and fish size on over-winter survival in Big Beef Creek, Washington. Habitat complexity was quantified for the habitat unit where the fish were collected and, in 1991, also for the 500-m reach downstream from the collection site. Survival, estimated from recovery of marked smolts at the stream’s mouth, differed between years (25.4 and 46.2%) and also varied among habitat units and reaches within years. Survival was at most weakly correlated with complexity of the habitat units but was strongly correlated with the quantity of woody debris and density of habitat units in the 500-m reach, and distance from the estuary. Because distance covaried with habitat complexity, we could not ascertain which factor had the primary influence on survival. In addition, larger fish generally survived at a higher rate than smaller individuals. However, fish tagged above William Symington Lake were smaller in the fall but larger as smolts and had higher survival rates than those tagged below the lake. Taken together, these results reveal complex relationships between size, habitat, and growth that may affect over-winter survival and subsequent life-history events. Résumé : Nous avons marquØ individuellement des juvØniles de saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) sauvage, en octobre 1990 et 1991, pour Øvaluer les effets de la complexitØ de l’habitat et de la taille des poissons sur la survie hivernale dans le Big Beef Creek (Washington). Nous avons quantifiØ la complexitØ de l’habitat dans l’unitØ d’habitat oø les poissons ont ØtØ prØlevØs et, en 1991, nous l’avons fait Øgalement dans le tronçon de 500 m situØ en aval du lieu de prØlŁvement. La survie, estimØe d’aprŁs la rØcupØration de smolts marquØs à l’embouchure du cours d’eau, diffØrait d’une annØe à l’autre (25,4 et 46,2%) et variait aussi selon les unitØs d’habitat et les tronçons une mŒme annØe. Le taux de survie Øtait au moins faiblement corrØlØ à la complexitØ des unitØs d’habitat, et Øtait fortement corrØlØ à la quantitØ de dØbris de bois et à la densitØ des unitØs d’habitat dans le tronçon de 500 m, et avec la distance par rapport à l’estuaire. Étant donnØ que la distance variait avec la complexitØ de l’habitat, nous n’avons pas pu Øtablir quel facteur avait l’influence la plus forte sur la survie. De plus, les poissons de grande taille survivaient gØnØralement en plus grande proportion que les individus de petite taille. Toutefois, les poissons marquØs au-dessus du lac William Symington Øtaient plus petits à l’automne mais plus grands au stade du smolt, et prØsentaient des taux de survie plus ØlevØs, que ceux marquØs au-dessous du lac. ConsidØrØs ensemble, ces rØsultats rØvŁlent des relations complexes entre la taille, l’habitat et la croissance, relations qui peuvent affecter la survie hivernale et les ØvØnements subsØquents du cycle biologique. [Traduit par la RØdaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 1996